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6. Flat-top peaks
"Flat-topped" peaks are not characterized by a single "out-of-specification" measurement. This is a subjective evaluation on the part of the chromatographer. 

The most likely causes are:

1. Sample overload. Generally, this will also be accompanied by severe tailing.

2. Detector over-range.

3. Sample reaction on-column. 

4.  Insufficient pre-heating of mobile phase when operating at elevated temperature

5. A dilution solvent that is stronger than the mobile phase.



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