Contents - Index -
The 2016 LC Troubleshooting Bible Index
- %B
- %-error
- 0.005 in. i.d. tubing
- 10% rule
- 10th anniversary
- 21 CFR Part 11
- 3 micron
- 300 columns
- 30th anniversary
- 3-gradient test
- 3x3 columns
- 60-Hz noise
- 656 nm
- abnormal first injection
- abrasion
- absorbance
- accuracy
- acetate
- acetic acid
- acetonitrile
- acid cleaning
- acidic silanols
- acidity
- ACS-grade
- active check valves
- active sites
- adapting separations
- additives
- adjustment
- adsorption
- aging
- air
- Albreht - Alen
- alkylsulfonate
- Alltech recycler
- alpha
- Alshli - Bandar
- alternative solvents
- amine adsorption
- amines
- amino columns
- ammonium acetate
- acetate
- bicarbonate
- carbonate
- anticipate failure
- antimicrobial
- antioxidants
- applications notes
- AQ phase
- aqueous pH
- archives
- area
- artifact peaks
- As (asymmetry)
- assay reference
- associated silanols
- ASTM
- asymmetry
- asymmetry factor
- autoprotolysis constant
- autosampler (also see injector)
- avoid water
- back pressure
- backflush
- background
- backpressure (see also pressure)
- bad water
- ball valves
- band broadening (see also peak)
- base-deactivated
- baseline
- bases
- basic solutes
- Basilica Cistern
- Bat-O-Gram
- Beckman
- Bell - Frederic
- Bermuda Triangle
- Berry - Vern
- Bertran - Celso
- best methods
- best practices (see also rules of thumb)
- better is the enemy of good enough
- bibliography
- big picture
- bioanalytical
- biological samples
- Birchett - Jennifer
- blank
- blank gradient
- block heater
- blockage
- Bogdan - Michael
- bonded phase
- books
- Brand - Stefan
- broad peaks
- Bruno - Gianfranco
- brush phase
- bubbles
- buffer
- bugs
- built-in diagnostics
- C18
- CAD (charged-aerosol detector)
- Cahill - Shannon
- calculations
- calibration
- calibrators
- cam
- capacitor short
- capacity factor (also see k)
- carbon loading
- carryover
- case studies
- cavitation
- cell cleaning
- centrifugation (see also sample prep)
- ceramic
- change one thing at a time
- changing N
- changing validated methods
- charged aerosol detector
- check the obvious
- check valves
- chelation
- chemical cleaning
- chemical protection
- Cheminert
- chemistry problems
- chiral
- Chow - Justin
- Christianson - Kelly
- chromatogram
- chromatogram problems
- chromatogram spikes
- chromatographic hygiene
- Chromatography Forum
- chromic acid
- citrate
- classic carryover
- classify problem
- cleaning
- cleanliness
- cleanup
- coefficient of determination
- collect and reinject
- Collins - Carol
- Collins - Kenneth
- column
- LC Problem Guide
- Questions from Afar
- The Future of LC Troubleshooting -- 10 Years Later
- aging
- bleed
- blockage
- care
- chain length
- chemistry
- choice
- cleaning
- collapse (see also dewetting)
- conditioning
- contamination
- costs
- dead time (dead volume)
- degradation
- dewetting (see also collapse)
- diameter
- differences
- diol
- efficiency
- equilibration
- failure
- flushing
- frit
- heater
- leaks
- length
- lifetime
- loading
- new vs. used
- ovens
- overload
- parameters
- performance
- pH limits
- phase collapse
- plate number
- pressure
- problems
- protection
- regeneration
- repair
- reproducibility
- reversal
- selection
- selectivity
- size
- stability
- storage
- switching
- temperature
- triage
- type
- variatiability
- void
- volume
- washing
- columns
- common design
- comparing variables
- compendial methods
- competing acids
- complex samples
- components
- compression fittings
- concentration gradients
- concentration: on-column
- confirm problem
- connecting tubing
- connections
- consistent results
- constant carryover
- consultation
- contamination
- continuous improvement
- control charts
- controlling resolution
- controlling retention
- convenience
- converting to isocratic
- Cooley - Laurie
- corrosion
- cost
- cost-benefit
- critical peak pair
- crystal ball
- Culley - Travis
- current draw
- curve fitting
- cyano column
- cyclic baseline
- DAD (see diode-array detector)
- damaged piston
- data
- dead time
- dead volume
- deconvolution
- dedicated columns
- degassing
- degradation
- Desmet
- detection
- detector
- bubbles
- calibration
- cell
- cell volume
- cleaning
- dirty cell
- fixed wavelength
- flow cell
- fluorescence
- internal reflectance
- lamp life
- lamp replacement
- leaks
- light-pipe
- noise
- overload
- performance
- repair
- RI
- specifications
- tests
- time constant
- UV
- volume
- detectors
- deuterium lamp
- dewetting (phase collapse)
- diagnostic tools
- diagnostics
- diameter
- diaphragm
- dimensions
- diode-array detector (UV)
- diphenyl amine
- direct recycling
- dirt
- dirty
- glassware
- loop
- reagents
- solvent
- water
- dissolved air
- distillation
- divide and conquer
- do it right the first time
- documentation
- double peaks
- drift
- drift tube temperature
- dry column
- DryLab
- dual-piston pumps
- dwell volume
- early elution
- EC detector
- economics
- EDTA
- effective buffer
- efficiency
- Egi - Yoshiro
- electrochemical detector
- electrochemistry
- electromagnetic interference
- electronic noise
- electronic problems
- electronic signatures rules
- electronics
- ELSD
- embedded polar phase
- EMI
- emission wavelength (fluorescence)
- endcapping
- endfitting
- energy
- English vs. metric
- enhancing injection
- epimer ratio
- equilibration
- equivalent columns
- erosion
- erratum
- estimates
- ethers
- ethylparaben
- evaporation
- evaporative light scattering
- excipient
- excitation wavelength (fluorescence)
- exclusion
- expected variation
- expert systems
- expiration dates
- extended runs
- extending column life
- external standard
- external vs. internal fittings
- extra frit
- extra peak
- extracolumn effects
- extraction solvent
- failure patterns
- Faraday cage
- favorite shortcuts
- FDA
- feedback
- ferrules
- filled loop injection
- filling voids
- filters & filtration
- final %B
- fine tuning
- fingertight fittings
- fire
- fittings
- Fleming - Lynda
- floppy diskettes
- flow
- flow cell
- flow rate
- flow restrictions
- fluorescence detection
- flushing
- forced degradation
- forced-air heaters
- formulation errors
- free radicals
- free silanols
- freeze-thaw
- frictional heating
- frit
- fronting
- fundamental resolution equation
- gas pressure
- geminal silanols
- General Valve
- generic pump
- ghost peaks
- Gilroy - Jonathan
- GLP
- goals for a rugged method
- GPV
- gradient
- greasing columns
- guard column
- guest authors
- Albreht - Alen
- Alshli - Bandar
- Bell - Frederic
- Berry - Vern
- Bertran - Celso
- Birchett - Jennifer
- Bogdan - Michael
- Brand - Stefan
- Bruno - Gianfranco
- Cahill - Shannon
- Chow - Justin
- Christianson - Kelly
- Collings - Carol
- Collins - Kenneth
- Cooley - Laurie
- Culley - Travis
- Fleming - Lynda
- Gilroy - Jonathan
- Hall - Gerald
- Harrington - Melissa
- Hawkins - Cory
- Hoogmartens - J
- Huang - Jin
- Inloes - Roger
- Kern - John
- Kiser - Melissa
- Lewis - Janice
- Lewis - Roy
- Lommen - Dana
- Marchand - Daniel
- Milsap - Jeffrey
- Minkis - Ryan
- Morrison - Ryan
- Naumoska - Katarina
- Nelson - Michael
- Neue - Uwe
- Osmani - Fatos
- Paesen - J
- Pedersen - Kasper
- Przybyek - James
- Redkar - Sanjeev
- Reynolds - Norman
- Roelofs - Nikolas
- Runser - Dennis
- Sadek - Paul
- Sadikin - Silvia
- Seaver - Cynthia
- Shoup - Ronald
- Sigari - Nastaran
- Southern - Derek
- Tindall - William
- Ueyanagi - Atsuro
- Upchurch - Paul
- Vovk - Irena
- Wilson - Nan
- Wolcott - Robert
- Young - Craig
- Zhang - Dee Dee
- Zhu - Peng-Ling
- guidelines
- Hall - Gerald
- hard disk
- hardware
- Harrington - Melissa
- Hawkins - Cory
- heat exchange
- heating
- helium
- helium sparging
- HEPA filter
- herbal products
- Hewlett-Packard
- hidden peaks
- high back pressure
- high pH
- high pH buffers
- high pressure
- high pressure mixing
- high throughput
- historical data
- history
- holistic testing
- Hoogmartens - J
- hot air oven
- how do I
- how does it work?
- HP
- HPLC grade solvents
- Huang - Jin
- hydrocarbons
- hydrogen bonding
- hydrogen ion activity
- hydroxyproline
- i.d.
- ICH
- ignore first injection
- immersion bath
- impedance
- improving methods
- impurity
- independent service
- indirect detection
- infusion
- initial %B
- injection
- injection solvent
- injector (also see autosampler)
- inlet line frit
- in-line degassing
- in-line filter
- inner diameter
- instrument problems
- instrument use log
- insufficient buffer
- insufficient retention
- integral loop autosamplers
- integrated system
- integration
- intercept
- interchangeability
- interferences
- interfering peak
- intermediate runs
- internal loop
- internal standard
- international
- internet
- interstitial volume
- ion chromatography
- ion exchange
- ion pairing
- ion suppression
- ionic conductance
- ionic strength
- IQ
- iron inclusions
- irreproducible gradient methods
- isocratic
- isolation strategy
- Jordan
- junction potential
- junk mail
- k (retention factor)
- k* (gradient retention factor)
- KCl
- Kern - John
- ketones
- kinetic plots
- Kiser - Melissa
- KISS
- Kissinger
- KYSS
- label
- Lake Wobegon Effect
- laminar flow
- lamp
- deuterium
- energy
- failure
- life
- mercury
- large molecules
- late elution
- late peaks
- LC-MS
- LC-MS/MS
- LC-UV
- leading bubble
- leaks
- length
- Lewis - Janice
- Lewis - Roy
- lifetime
- light-sensitive mobile phase
- line noise
- linear velocity
- linearity
- linjection
- liquid phases
- literature methods
- LKB
- LLOQ (LOQ)
- loading
- LOD
- log k vs %B
- logbook
- Lommen - Dana
- loop
- composition
- external
- filling characteristics
- overfill
- low buffer concentration
- low pH
- low pressure
- low pressure mixing
- low sensitivity
- MacMod
- maintenance
- make before break
- manufacturer choice
- Marchand - Daniel
- mass on column
- mass overload
- mass transfer
- matching absorbance
- matrix effects
- MBB
- measuring column dead time
- measuring noise
- measuring pH
- mechanical problems
- mercury lamp
- metabolites
- metals
- meters
- methanol
- methanol gradients
- method
- adjustment vs change
- evaluation
- limits
- performance
- problems
- ruggedness
- scaling
- transfer
- variation
- method development
- microbial growth
- microbiological contamination
- microbore
- Milli-Q
- Milsap - Jeffrey
- Minkis - Ryan
- minor peak
- misalignment
- mismatched injection solvent
- missing information
- mixing
- mobile phase (see also solvent)
- module substitution
- monochromator
- monofunctional bonding
- Morrison - Ryan
- moving injection
- MS detection
- mystery peak
- N (see also plate number)
- naproxen
- narrow-bore column
- narrower peaks
- Naumoska - Katarina
- needle
- negative peaks
- neighboring peaks
- Nelson - Michael
- Neue - Uwe
- new column test
- newsletters
- NISA
- nitric acid flush
- nitroaromatics
- noise
- non-buffered mobile phase
- nonlinear filling
- nonpolar column
- normal phase
- normal phase solvents
- normal phase water saturation
- obstruction
- obtaining separation (series)
- OEM service
- oil
- oligonucleotides
- Omnifit
- on-column concentration
- on-column degradation
- on-line
- degassing
- mixing
- troubleshooting
- open circuit
- operator's manual
- optical path
- OQ
- organic solvent
- organic solvent flush
- Osmani - Fatos
- out of production
- outgassing
- outliers
- overfilled vials
- overlay
- overload
- oxygen
- oxygen removal
- packing extrusion
- Paesen - J
- parallel chromatography
- partial coverage
- partial loop
- partial loop injection
- partially aqueous solutions mobile phase pH
- particle size
- particulates
- passivation
- passivation recipe
- patent
- PDA (see photodiode array)
- peak (see also band)
- broad
- distortion
- double
- fronting
- purity factor
- ratio
- reversal with Type A column
- shape
- size variation
- spacing
- split
- splitting
- tailing
- variance
- volume
- width
- peak area
- peak height
- peak shape
- peak tailing
- PEEK
- Peltier heater
- peptide sample
- percent error
- perfect method (series)
- performance qualification
- performance test
- periodic test
- permissible changes
- peroxides
- pH
- pharmacopoeial methods
- phase collapse (dewetting)
- phenyl column
- phosphate
- photodecomposition
- photodiode
- photodiode array detector (PDA UV)
- piston
- pitfalls of published methods
- pKa
- planning
- plate number
- plumbing problems
- polar compounds
- polymer contaminants
- polymeric columns
- polystyrene
- poor mixing
- poor resolution
- poor retention
- Poppe plots
- poppet valve failure
- potassium chloride
- power disturbances
- power supply
- PQ
- PQRI database
- precipitation
- precision
- precolumn (see also guard columns)
- precut
- predicting retention changes
- prediction
- preheater
- premix
- preparative applications
- pressure (see also backpressure)
- pretreatment
- preventive maintenance
- priming
- priming injections
- problem isolation
- proficiency training
- proportioning
- protein
- Przybyek - James
- pseudoreference electrode
- pull to fill autosamplers
- pulsations
- pulse dampener
- pump seals
- pumps
- purchase decision
- pure standards
- purge
- purge cycle
- purging
- purification
- purposeful degradation
- push to fill autosamplers
- push-button experts
- put it back rule
- QC
- QC samples
- quality
- quality control
- quality control samples
- quantitation
- quarterly check
- quick fix
- r2
- radio frequency interference
- random noise
- ratio matching
- RC filter
- reader comments
- reader survey
- readers' questions
- reagent purity
- reagent quality
- reagent selection
- rebuilding
- reciprocating piston
- recordkeeping
- records
- recovery
- recycle
- recycle and flush
- reduced plate height
- reference cell
- reference conditions
- reference electrode
- reference standards
- references
- refractive index
- refractive index detector
- regression
- regular replacement
- regulation
- related substances
- removing contaminants
- removing ion-pair reagents
- removing waste
- replacement components
- replumbing
- reporting buffer preparation
- reproducibility
- reservoir
- residual silanols
- residuals plot
- resistance-capacitance
- resolution
- resources
- response
- restrictor
- retention
- reuse
- reverse flush
- review
- Reviewer Guidance
- Reynolds - Norman
- RFI
- Rheodyne
- RI detector
- robustness
- Roelofs - Nikolas
- rotor
- routine analysis
- Rs
- ruby
- rugged methods
- ruggedness
- ruggedness testing
- rules for reliability
- rules of thumb
- run time
- Runser - Dennis
- rust
- S/N
- Sadek - Paul
- salt
- salt precipitation
- sample
- sample-specific carryover
- sampling rate
- sapphire
- saturation
- saturator column
- scaling
- column
- gradients
- injection
- the separation
- scatter
- scouting runs
- scrubber
- scrubber column
- seals
- Seaver - Cynthia
- SEC
- secondary retention
- selectivity
- Chromatographic Theory as a Problem-Isolation Aid: Part I
- Chromatographic Theory as a Problem-Isolation Aid: Part II
- Column Temperature Effects in Gradient Elution
- Flow Rate and Peak Spacing
- Gradient Elution Separation Problems, Part I
- Ion Suppresion in LC-MS-MS -- A Case Study
- Obtaining Separations, Part II: Adjusting Selectivity
- Obtaining Separations, Part III: Adjusting Column Conditions
- Obtaining Separations, Part IV: Putting It All Together
- Selectivity in Reversed-Phase LC Separations, Part I: Solvent-Type Selectivity
- Selectivity in Reversed-Phase LC Separations, Part II: Solvent-Strength Selectivity
- Selectivity in Reversed-Phase LC Separations, Part III: Column-Type Selectivity
- Selectivity in Reversed-Phase LC Separations, Part IV: Pressure Selectivity
- Starting Out right, Part IV -- Additional Variables to Control Selectivity
- The Hazards of Adjusting Gradients
- The Importance of Temperature
- The Perfect Method, Part IV: Controlling Peak Spacing
- selectivity changes
- sensitivity
- septum
- series
- buffers
- calibration curves
- detective work
- gradient elution
- injection solvent & volume
- obtaining separations
- perfiect method
- scaling methods
- selectivity
- solvent selection
- starting out right
- troubleshooting basics
- service
- service contracts
- shallow gradients
- shaped cam
- shielding
- shifting retention times
- Shimadzu
- shock
- shortcuts
- Shoup - Ronald
- Sigari - Nastaran
- signal averaging
- signal-to-noise
- signature chromatograms
- silanol
- silica
- sinker frits
- siphon
- size exclusion
- skin contact
- slow equilibration
- small peaks
- smoothing
- software
- solvent (see also mobile phase)
- changeover
- changes
- contamination
- degassing
- degradation
- delivery
- demixing
- disposal
- evaporation
- extraction
- filtration
- frits
- front
- immiscibility
- inlet filter
- lifetime
- miscibility
- peak
- purity
- recycling
- reservoir
- reservoir frit
- safety
- saving techniques
- savings
- selection
- selectivity
- sources
- spectra
- strength
- strength nomograph
- substitutes
- triangle
- type
- vapor
- solvents
- sonication
- SOP
- Southern - Derek
- spares
- sparging
- specialty columns
- specific chemical effects
- specificity
- spectral matching
- spikes
- split peaks
- splitter
- SST (see also system suitability)
- stability indication
- stabilizers
- Stadalius - Marilyn
- stainless steel
- Standard Operating Procedures
- standardization
- standards
- starting conditions
- starting out right (series)
- static charge
- static electricity
- step
- changes
- errors
- gradient
- gradient errors
- test
- stepping flow
- stepwise
- changes
- changes in mobile phase strength
- development
- isolation
- sticktion
- storage
- storage conditions
- Stranham and Deming
- strategy
- stressed samples
- strong injection solvent
- strong solvent
- strong solvent injection
- stronger solvent
- success rate
- Supelco
- superstition
- support
- surges
- symptoms & causes
- syringe
- autosamplers
- plunger
- problems
- size
- system
- checks
- cleanliness
- configuration
- differences
- flushing
- logbook
- peaks
- problems
- qualification
- readouts
- reference
- stability
- vs method
- system suitability
- systematic isolation
- t0
- tailing
- tailing factor
- tandem-piston pumps
- target pH
- TEA
- technical support
- Tefzel
- temperature
- ternary solvent
- testing
- tetrahydrofuran
- TFA
- TFA oxidation
- TGIF
- thermal effects
- thermal equilibration
- thermostat
- three-gradient test
- threshold
- threshold limit values
- throw away failed parts
- throw it away
- time constant
- Tindall - William
- titration
- TLV
- top 10 list
- trace analysis
- trace residues
- tradeoffs
- tray
- tray alignment
- tray position
- Treasury The
- trends
- triethylamine
- trifluoroacetic acid
- TRIS
- troubleshooting
- troubleshooting guide
- troubleshooting solvent problems
- tube
- tube blockage
- tube blockage
- tube extension
- tubing
- contamination
- conversions
- cutting
- diameter
- flushing
- labeling
- length
- low pressure
- polymeric
- problems
- stainless steel
- Teflon
- types
- volume
- tubing blockage
- tubing diameter
- tubing length
- tubing problems
- tubing volume
- tune-up
- Turkey
- turnaround
- type A silica
- Type B silica
- Ueyanagi - Atsuro
- UHPLC
- unexpected failure
- unexpected peaks
- unions
- Upchurch
- Upchurch - Paul
- UPS
- user survey
- USP
- USP database
- USP tailing factor
- USP Tf
- UV absorbance
- UV curing adhesive
- UV cutoff
- UV detector
- UV-irradiation
- vacancy peaks
- vacuum
- vacuum degassing
- validation
- valve
- valve corrosion
- valve design
- valve rotation
- valve rotor
- valves
- variable-wavelength detector (UV)
- variance
- variance contributions
- variation
- varying peak size
- Vespel
- vial inserts
- vials
- viscosity
- viscous heating
- Vm
- void
- void filling
- void volume
- voids
- volatile
- volume changes
- volume effects
- volume interstitial
- volume not time
- Vovk - Irena
- warranty
- wash behind seals
- wash cycles
- wash solvent
- wash-out volume
- waste line
- waste port
- water
- wavelength
- accuracy
- effects
- errors
- selection
- weak methods
- wear
- web
- weighting
- where to start
- Wilson - Nan
- WISP
- Wolcott - Robert
- write it down
- Young - Craig
- zero dead volume
- Zhu - Peng-Ling
- zirconia